Pan-Africanism as a Problematic Effort at Decolonization: Considering the Complexities and Contradictions of Some Critical Pan-African Actors
Nkosilathi Moyo

Abstract
This paper presents a discussion of the complexities and contradictions in the teachings and actions of some of the black/African figures, who have historically made efforts to decolonize the global black/African masses through the Pan-African method. The figures that I present are Marcus Garvey, W.E.B DuBois, and Maulana Karenga. The argument made in this paper is that these Pan-Africanists’ ways of thinking and doing were complex and, at times, conflicted with the Pan-African thought, which they sought to champion. Some of the factors that made the decolonizing efforts of the aforesaid Pan-Africanists complex and contradictory to Pan-Africanism were the westernization of their consciousness, a lack of understanding of African cultures, autocratic motives, self-defeating schisms, and politics that ostracized black/African women.

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