An assessment of Ageing Workforce and Gender Disparity: A Critical Analysis of Human Capital Distribution in the Jigawa State Wheat Value Chain, Nigeria
Bashir Alhaji Baba and Ibrahim Mustapha Sulumbe

Abstract
This study examines the age and gender composition of the Jigawa State, Nigeria wheat value chain. Data analysis across farmer, assembler, wholesaler, processor, and retailer categories reveals a concerning trend: a dominance of experienced workers (31-43 years old) and a dearth of young adults (18-30 years old). This age gap signifies a potential threat to the value chain's long-term viability and innovative capacity. Furthermore, a stark gender imbalance is identified, with males overwhelmingly represented across most sectors. Processing is the only sector with significant female participation (32.62%), while other stages exhibit complete female absence. This gender disparity highlights potential underutilization of human capital and limitations on overall sector efficiency. The findings underscore the need for multifaceted interventions to address these challenges and cultivate a more inclusive and future-oriented Jigawa State wheat value chain.

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